Track 32: Diabetes, Hypertension and Obesity

Introduction

Diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are among the most prevalent chronic health conditions worldwide. Often interlinked, they significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, stroke, and premature death. These conditions are primarily driven by poor lifestyle habits, genetics, and environmental factors. Addressing them requires a comprehensive approach that includes prevention, early detection, and effective management strategies.

Keynotes

• Diabetes Mellitus

  • A metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production.

  • Two main types: Type 1 (autoimmune) and Type 2 (lifestyle-related).

  • Complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

  • Often called the "silent killer" due to its asymptomatic nature.

  • Can lead to heart attacks, strokes, kidney damage, and vision loss.

  • Closely associated with both obesity and diabetes.

• Obesity

  • Defined by excessive body fat, usually measured by BMI ≥30.

  • A major risk factor for both diabetes and hypertension.

  • Associated with metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and hormonal imbalance.

• Interconnection

  • Obesity increases the risk of insulin resistance, contributing to Type 2 diabetes and elevating blood pressure.

  • Hypertension and diabetes together exacerbate cardiovascular risks.

  • Managing one condition often helps improve the others.

• Prevention & Management

  • Lifestyle changes: healthy diet, regular physical activity, weight management, smoking cessation.

  • Regular screening for blood pressure, blood sugar, and BMI.

  • Medication adherence when prescribed, along with routine follow-up.